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Ecclesiasticus 25-32.2

Those Who Are Worthy of Praise

25I take pleasure in three things,
   and they are beautiful in the sight of God and of mortals:*
agreement among brothers and sisters, friendship among neighbours,
   and a wife and husband who live in harmony.
2 I hate three kinds of people,
   and I loathe their manner of life:
a pauper who boasts, a rich person who lies,
   and an old fool who commits adultery.


3 If you gathered nothing in your youth,
   how can you find anything in your old age?
4 How attractive is sound judgement in the grey-haired,
   and for the aged to possess good counsel!
5 How attractive is wisdom in the aged,
   and understanding and counsel in the venerable!
6 Rich experience is the crown of the aged,
   and their boast is the fear of the Lord.


7 I can think of nine whom I would call blessed,
   and a tenth my tongue proclaims:
a man who can rejoice in his children;
   a man who lives to see the downfall of his foes.
8 Happy the man who lives with a sensible wife,
   and one who does not plough with ox and ass together.*
Happy is one who does not sin with the tongue,
   and one who has not served an inferior.
9 Happy is one who finds a friend,*
   and one who speaks to attentive listeners.
10 How great is one who finds wisdom!
   But none is superior to one who fears the Lord.
11 Fear of the Lord surpasses everything;
   to whom can we compare one who has it?*

Some Extreme Forms of Evil


13 Any wound, but not a wound of the heart!
   Any wickedness, but not the wickedness of a woman!
14 Any suffering, but not suffering from those who hate!
   And any vengeance, but not the vengeance of enemies!
15 There is no venom* worse than a snake’s venom,*
   and no anger worse than a woman’s* wrath.

The Evil of a Wicked Woman


16 I would rather live with a lion and a dragon
   than live with an evil woman.
17 A woman’s wickedness changes her appearance,
   and darkens her face like that of a bear.
18 Her husband sits* among the neighbours,
   and he cannot help sighing* bitterly.
19 Any iniquity is small compared to a woman’s iniquity;
   may a sinner’s lot befall her!
20 A sandy ascent for the feet of the aged—
   such is a garrulous wife to a quiet husband.
21 Do not be ensnared by a woman’s beauty,
   and do not desire a woman for her possessions.*
22 There is wrath and impudence and great disgrace
   when a wife supports her husband.
23 Dejected mind, gloomy face,
   and wounded heart come from an evil wife.
Drooping hands and weak knees
   come from the wife who does not make her husband happy.
24 From a woman sin had its beginning,
   and because of her we all die.
25 Allow no outlet to water,
   and no boldness of speech to an evil wife.
26 If she does not go as you direct,
   separate her from yourself.

The Joy of a Good Wife

26Happy is the husband of a good wife;
   the number of his days will be doubled.
2 A loyal wife brings joy to her husband,
   and he will complete his years in peace.
3 A good wife is a great blessing;
   she will be granted among the blessings of the man who fears the Lord.
4 Whether rich or poor, his heart is content,
   and at all times his face is cheerful.

The Worst of Evils: A Wicked Wife


5 Of three things my heart is frightened,
   and of a fourth I am in great fear:*
Slander in the city, the gathering of a mob,
   and false accusation—all these are worse than death.
6 But it is heartache and sorrow when a wife is jealous of a rival,
   and a tongue-lashing makes it known to all.
7 A bad wife is a chafing yoke;
   taking hold of her is like grasping a scorpion.
8 A drunken wife arouses great anger;
   she cannot hide her shame.
9 The haughty stare betrays an unchaste wife;
   her eyelids give her away.


10 Keep strict watch over a headstrong daughter,
   or else, when she finds liberty, she will make use of it.
11 Be on guard against her impudent eye,
   and do not be surprised if she sins against you.
12 As a thirsty traveller opens his mouth
   and drinks from any water near him,
so she will sit in front of every tent-peg
   and open her quiver to the arrow.

The Blessing of a Good Wife


13 A wife’s charm delights her husband,
   and her skill puts flesh on his bones.
14 A silent wife is a gift from the Lord,
   and nothing is so precious as her self-discipline.
15 A modest wife adds charm to charm,
   and no scales can weigh the value of her chastity.
16 Like the sun rising in the heights of the Lord,
   so is the beauty of a good wife in her well-ordered home.
17 Like the shining lamp on the holy lampstand,
   so is a beautiful face on a stately figure.
18 Like golden pillars on silver bases,
   so are shapely legs and steadfast feet.


Other ancient authorities add verses 19-27: +a


19 My child, keep sound the bloom of your youth,
   and do not give your strength to strangers.
20 Seek a fertile field within the whole plain,
   and sow it with your own seed, trusting in your fine stock.
21 So your offspring will prosper,
   and, having confidence in their good descent, will grow great.
22 A prostitute is regarded as spittle,
   and a married woman as a tower of death to her lovers.
23 A godless wife is given as a portion to a lawless man,
   but a pious wife is given to the man who fears the Lord.
24 A shameless woman constantly acts disgracefully,
   but a modest daughter will even be embarrassed before her husband.
25 A headstrong wife is regarded as a dog,
   but one who has a sense of shame will fear the Lord.
26 A wife honouring her husband will seem wise to all,
   but if she dishonours him in her pride she will be known to all as ungodly.
   Happy is the husband of a good wife,
   for the number of his years will be doubled.
27 A loud-voiced and garrulous wife is like a trumpet sounding the charge,
   and every person like this lives in the anarchy of war.



Three Depressing Things


28 At two things my heart is grieved,
   and because of a third anger comes over me:
a warrior in want through poverty,
   intelligent men who are treated contemptuously,
and a man who turns back from righteousness to sin—
   the Lord will prepare him for the sword!

The Temptations of Commerce


29 A merchant can hardly keep from wrongdoing,
   nor is a tradesman innocent of sin.

27Many have committed sin for gain,*
   and those who seek to get rich will avert their eyes.
2 As a stake is driven firmly into a fissure between stones,
   so sin is wedged in between selling and buying.
3 If a person is not steadfast in the fear of the Lord,
   his house will be quickly overthrown.

Tests in Life


4 When a sieve is shaken, the refuse appears;
   so do a person’s faults when he speaks.
5 The kiln tests the potter’s vessels;
   so the test of a person is in his conversation.
6 Its fruit discloses the cultivation of a tree;
   so a person’s speech discloses the cultivation of his mind.
7 Do not praise anyone before he speaks,
   for this is the way people are tested.

Reward and Retribution


8 If you pursue justice, you will attain it
   and wear it like a glorious robe.
9 Birds roost with their own kind,
   so honesty comes home to those who practise it.
10 A lion lies in wait for prey;
   so does sin for evildoers.

Varieties of Speech


11 The conversation of the godly is always wise,
   but the fool changes like the moon.
12 Among stupid people limit your time,
   but among thoughtful people linger on.
13 The talk of fools is offensive,
   and their laughter is wantonly sinful.
14 Their cursing and swearing make one’s hair stand on end,
   and their quarrels make others stop their ears.
15 The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed,
   and their abuse is grievous to hear.

Betraying Secrets


16 Whoever betrays secrets destroys confidence,
   and will never find a congenial friend.
17 Love your friend and keep faith with him;
   but if you betray his secrets, do not follow after him.
18 For as a person destroys his enemy,
   so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbour.
19 And as you allow a bird to escape from your hand,
   so you have let your neighbour go, and will not catch him again.
20 Do not go after him, for he is too far off,
   and has escaped like a gazelle from a snare.
21 For a wound may be bandaged,
   and there is reconciliation after abuse,
   but whoever has betrayed secrets is without hope.

Hypocrisy and Retribution


22 Whoever winks the eye plots mischief,
   and those who know him will keep their distance.
23 In your presence his mouth is all sweetness,
   and he admires your words;
but later he will twist his speech
   and with your own words he will trip you up.
24 I have hated many things, but him above all;
   even the Lord hates him.
25 Whoever throws a stone straight up throws it on his own head,
   and a treacherous blow opens up many wounds.
26 Whoever digs a pit will fall into it,
   and whoever sets a snare will be caught in it.
27 If a person does evil, it will roll back upon him,
   and he will not know where it came from.
28 Mockery and abuse issue from the proud,
   but vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion.
29 Those who rejoice in the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare,
   and pain will consume them before their death.

Anger and Vengeance


30 Anger and wrath, these also are abominations,
   yet a sinner holds on to them.

28The vengeful will face the Lord’s vengeance,
   for he keeps a strict account of* their sins.
2 Forgive your neighbour the wrong he has done,
   and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.
3 Does anyone harbour anger against another,
   and expect healing from the Lord?
4 If someone has no mercy towards another like himself,
   can he then seek pardon for his own sins?
5 If a mere mortal harbours wrath,
   who will make an atoning sacrifice for his sins?
6 Remember the end of your life, and set enmity aside;
   remember corruption and death, and be true to the commandments.
7 Remember the commandments, and do not be angry with your neighbour;
   remember the covenant of the Most High, and overlook faults.


8 Refrain from strife, and your sins will be fewer;
   for the hot-tempered kindle strife,
9 and the sinner disrupts friendships
   and sows discord among those who are at peace.
10 In proportion to the fuel, so will the fire burn,
   and in proportion to the obstinacy, so will strife increase;*
in proportion to a person’s strength will be his anger,
   and in proportion to his wealth he will increase his wrath.
11 A hasty quarrel kindles a fire,
   and a hasty dispute sheds blood.

The Evil Tongue


12 If you blow on a spark, it will glow;
   if you spit on it, it will be put out;
   yet both come out of your mouth.


13 Curse the gossips and the double-tongued,
   for they destroy the peace of many.
14 Slander* has shaken many,
   and scattered them from nation to nation;
it has destroyed strong cities,
   and overturned the houses of the great.
15 Slander* has driven virtuous women from their homes,
   and deprived them of the fruit of their toil.
16 Those who pay heed to slander* will not find rest,
   nor will they settle down in peace.
17 The blow of a whip raises a welt,
   but a blow of the tongue crushes the bones.
18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword,
   but not as many as have fallen because of the tongue.
19 Happy is one who is protected from it,
   who has not been exposed to its anger,
who has not borne its yoke,
   and has not been bound with its fetters.
20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron,
   and its fetters are fetters of bronze;
21 its death is an evil death,
   and Hades is preferable to it.
22 It has no power over the godly;
   they will not be burned in its flame.
23 Those who forsake the Lord will fall into its power;
   it will burn among them and will not be put out.
It will be sent out against them like a lion;
   like a leopard it will mangle them.
24a As you fence in your property with thorns,
25b   so make a door and a bolt for your mouth.
24b As you lock up your silver and gold,
25a   so make balances and scales for your words.
26 Take care not to err with your tongue,*
   and fall victim to one lying in wait.

On Lending and Borrowing

29The merciful lend to their neighbours;
   by holding out a helping hand they keep the commandments.
2 Lend to your neighbour in his time of need;
   repay your neighbour when a loan falls due.
3 Keep your promise and be honest with him,
   and on every occasion you will find what you need.
4 Many regard a loan as a windfall,
   and cause trouble to those who help them.
5 One kisses another’s hands until he gets a loan,
   and is deferential in speaking of his neighbour’s money;
but at the time for repayment he delays,
   and pays back with empty promises,
   and finds fault with the time.
6 If he can pay, his creditor* will hardly get back half,
   and will regard that as a windfall.
If he cannot pay, the borrower* has robbed the other of his money,
   and he has needlessly made him an enemy;
he will repay him with curses and reproaches,
   and instead of glory will repay him with dishonour.
7 Many refuse to lend, not because of meanness,
   but from fear* of being defrauded needlessly.


8 Nevertheless, be patient with someone in humble circumstances,
   and do not keep him waiting for your alms.
9 Help the poor for the commandment’s sake,
   and in their need do not send them away empty-handed.
10 Lose your silver for the sake of a brother or a friend,
   and do not let it rust under a stone and be lost.
11 Lay up your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High,
   and it will profit you more than gold.
12 Store up almsgiving in your treasury,
   and it will rescue you from every disaster;
13 better than a stout shield and a sturdy spear,
   it will fight for you against the enemy.

On Guaranteeing Debts


14 A good person will be surety for his neighbour,
   but one who has lost all sense of shame will fail him.
15 Do not forget the kindness of your guarantor,
   for he has given his life for you.
16 A sinner wastes the property of his guarantor,
17   and the ungrateful person abandons his rescuer.
18 Being surety has ruined many who were prosperous,
   and has tossed them about like waves of the sea;
it has driven the influential into exile,
   and they have wandered among foreign nations.
19 The sinner comes to grief through surety;
   his pursuit of gain involves him in lawsuits.
20 Assist your neighbour to the best of your ability,
   but be careful not to fall yourself.

Home and Hospitality


21 The necessities of life are water, bread, and clothing,
   and also a house to assure privacy.
22 Better is the life of the poor under their own crude roof
   than sumptuous food in the house of others.
23 Be content with little or much,
   and you will hear no reproach for being a guest.*
24 It is a miserable life to go from house to house;
   as a guest you should not open your mouth;
25 you will play the host and provide drink without being thanked,
   and besides this you will hear rude words like these:
26 ‘Come here, stranger, prepare the table;
   let me eat what you have there.’
27 ‘Be off, stranger, for an honoured guest is here;
   my brother has come for a visit, and I need the guest-room.’
28 It is hard for a sensitive person to bear
   scolding about lodging* and the insults of the moneylender.

Concerning Children *

30He who loves his son will whip him often,
   so that he may rejoice at the way he turns out.
2 He who disciplines his son will profit by him,
   and will boast of him among acquaintances.
3 He who teaches his son will make his enemies envious,
   and will glory in him among his friends.
4 When the father dies he will not seem to be dead,
   for he has left behind him one like himself,
5 whom in his life he looked upon with joy
   and at death, without grief.
6 He has left behind him an avenger against his enemies,
   and one to repay the kindness of his friends.


7 Whoever spoils his son will bind up his wounds,
   and will suffer heartache at every cry.
8 An unbroken horse turns out stubborn,
   and an unchecked son turns out headstrong.
9 Pamper a child, and he will terrorize you;
   play with him, and he will grieve you.
10 Do not laugh with him, or you will have sorrow with him,
   and in the end you will gnash your teeth.
11 Give him no freedom in his youth,
   and do not ignore his errors.
12 Bow down his neck in his youth,*
   and beat his sides while he is young,
or else he will become stubborn and disobey you,
   and you will have sorrow of soul from him.*
13 Discipline your son and make his yoke heavy,*
   so that you may not be offended by his shamelessness.


14 Better off poor, healthy, and fit
   than rich and afflicted in body.
15 Health and fitness are better than any gold,
   and a robust body than countless riches.
16 There is no wealth better than health of body,
   and no gladness above joy of heart.
17 Death is better than a life of misery,
   and eternal sleep* than chronic sickness.

Concerning Foods *


18 Good things poured out upon a mouth that is closed
   are like offerings of food placed upon a grave.
19 Of what use to an idol is a sacrifice?
   For it can neither eat nor smell.
So is one punished by the Lord;
20 he sees with his eyes and groans
   as a eunuch groans when embracing a girl.*


21 Do not give yourself over to sorrow,
   and do not distress yourself deliberately.
22 A joyful heart is life itself,
   and rejoicing lengthens one’s life span.
23 Indulge yourself* and take comfort,
   and remove sorrow far from you,
for sorrow has destroyed many,
   and no advantage ever comes from it.
24 Jealousy and anger shorten life,
   and anxiety brings on premature old age.
25 Those who are cheerful and merry at table
   will benefit from their food.

Right Attitude towards Riches

31Wakefulness over wealth wastes away one’s flesh,
   and anxiety about it drives away sleep.
2 Wakeful anxiety prevents slumber,
   and a severe illness carries off sleep.*
3 The rich person toils to amass a fortune,
   and when he rests he fills himself with his dainties.
4 The poor person toils to make a meagre living,
   and if ever he rests he becomes needy.


5 One who loves gold will not be justified;
   one who pursues money will be led astray* by it.
6 Many have come to ruin because of gold,
   and their destruction has met them face to face.
7 It is a stumbling-block to those who are avid for it,
   and every fool will be taken captive by it.
8 Blessed is the rich person who is found blameless,
   and who does not go after gold.
9 Who is he, that we may praise him?
   For he has done wonders among his people.
10 Who has been tested by it and been found perfect?
   Let it be for him a ground for boasting.
Who has had the power to transgress and did not transgress,
   and to do evil and did not do it?
11 His prosperity will be established,*
   and the assembly will proclaim his acts of charity.

Table Etiquette


12 Are you seated at the table of the great?*
   Do not be greedy at it,
   and do not say, ‘How much food there is here!’
13 Remember that a greedy eye is a bad thing.
   What has been created more greedy than the eye?
   Therefore it sheds tears for any reason.
14 Do not reach out your hand for everything you see,
   and do not crowd your neighbour* at the dish.
15 Judge your neighbour’s feelings by your own,
   and in every matter be thoughtful.
16 Eat what is set before you like a well-bred person,*
   and do not chew greedily, or you will give offence.
17 Be the first to stop, as befits good manners,
   and do not be insatiable, or you will give offence.
18 If you are seated among many others,
   do not help yourself* before they do.


19 How ample a little is for a well-disciplined person!
   He does not breathe heavily when in bed.
20 Healthy sleep depends on moderate eating;
   he rises early, and feels fit.
The distress of sleeplessness and of nausea
   and colic are with the glutton.
21 If you are overstuffed with food,
   get up to vomit, and you will have relief.
22 Listen to me, my child, and do not disregard me,
   and in the end you will appreciate my words.
In everything you do be moderate,*
   and no sickness will overtake you.
23 People bless someone who is liberal with food,
   and their testimony to his generosity is trustworthy.
24 The city complains of someone who is stingy with food,
   and their testimony to his stinginess is accurate.

Temperance in Drinking Wine


25 Do not try to prove your strength by wine-drinking,
   for wine has destroyed many.
26 As the furnace tests the work of the smith,*
   so wine tests hearts when the insolent quarrel.
27 Wine is very life to human beings
   if taken in moderation.
What is life to one who is without wine?
   It has been created to make people happy.
28 Wine drunk at the proper time and in moderation
   is rejoicing of heart and gladness of soul.
29 Wine drunk to excess leads to bitterness of spirit,
   to quarrels and stumbling.
30 Drunkenness increases the anger of a fool to his own hurt,
   reducing his strength and adding wounds.
31 Do not reprove your neighbour at a banquet of wine,
   and do not despise him in his merrymaking;
speak no word of reproach to him,
   and do not distress him by making demands of him.

Etiquette at a Banquet

32If they make you master of the feast, do not exalt yourself;
   be among them as one of their number.
Take care of them first and then sit down;
2   when you have fulfilled all your duties, take your place,
so that you may be merry along with them
   and receive a garland for your excellent leadership.

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